族語介紹( Patas Truku)
Seuxal,ubung Truku o snalu pusu qthur qhuni ni sgqur dha ka ska qhuni,saw kiya ni snalu dha ubung djiyun bsiyaq ni stmaan bu kndux waray cinun.Kiya ka kiya ni wada kmpriyux ka knxalan rinah qtaan ka smlaan pnspuan plutut ka knkingal qhuni ubung.Qhuni dnii sklwiun bi pnspuan plutut ni gmdhug qnqaya ubung.
Ga qnrquran ka snalu qhuni ubung ni bling ubung ksun,pusu bi psaan qnqaya cinun qabang. 經線捲筒psaan isil ubug,waray cinun mtqiri捲筒 hmghug babaw hiya,smlaan saw nii cinun qabang blbil waray siida rinrh bi pslhkah, duri ni mnegarang bi ni mnhdu uuda.
Rhuq tnunan ubung dnii,seejiq Truku o niqan kingal qnqaya ubung rudan sbiyaw,ubung ksun,ubung nii o pntngahan 腰式水平織布機.Ubung nii o kska pusu bi mseusa seejiq Truku,ptlutut knxalan hici,kiya ni niqan bi brihan quri smmalu cinun qabang.
Hnigan Ubung nii o paru bi ni sgqur dha ka ska qhuni,kika knparu na ni knshjilan na,smmalu ubung siida gmaaw malu bi qhuni ni djiyun bsiyaq,kiya o sakus.Ubung nii o sgqur dha tminun siida phnang malu bi bhangan hnang,hnang nii o mdka paah quri uyas ida nkiya ni mseupu hnang tminun qabang,saw bi kkrana smkuxul tminun.
Nasi ini duuy ubung do psaan dha kska ubung ka cinun qabang, 經線捲筒ni qnqaya,saw ii malu bi skun ni kmlawa qmlahang qnqaya cinun.Ubung o aji wana djiyun,niqan skun ni quri uyas,kiya ni pnteura seejiq Truku ska tminun qabang niqan nanak saw pnseanak gnkla na ni kngkla kndsan na.
英文介紹(English guide)
“Ubung”is a weaving box. Which was usually made of thick tree trunks hollowed out. Using Formosan Michelia or Comphor Tree, both are hard wood. Plus, a one-piece design is strong and durable itself, therefore an old “ubung” is able to carry very heavy warped threads. A “ubung” is now made of spliced heavy wooden planks together. Benifit from modern carpenter knowledge, a new assembled “ubung” can be as sturdy as old ones.
The “ubung” is fixed to the weaver’s waist by a strap, ensuring that the warp threads can move steadily during the weaving process. Unlike other weaving tools, this particular loom has the weaver sitting on the ground with his feet firmly supporting the wooden box while hanging the ends of the cloth spools around her waist. The ends of the warp threads are wound around the warp barrel of the “UBUNG”, creating a stable weaving structure.
The size of the “ubung” is quite large, and because it is usually made from a whole section of trunk hollowed out, so it is not small in size and weight. The hollow part makes a pleasant sound when weaving. The echo from “ubung” accompanies the rhythms of different weavers’ labor compose the BGM of Taroko way of weaving. Therefore the famous Taroko weaving song start the lyrics with onomatopoeias of the echo.
The hollowed-out part of a “ubung”, could also be used to place various weaving tools as we mentioned before. When a “ubung” is not at use, the weaver put the Semi-finished, warp rolls, and other accessories into it. The hallow part makes storage and working sequence graceful, and protects these important weaving tools.
There is usually a reel for warp threads fixed at one end of a “ubung”. This design allows the weaver to straighten the warp threads with less effort, making the whole weaving process smooth and efficient. In addition, this design provides good support for the front part of a “ubung”, ensuring stability during weaving.
刮血器這種工具由藤條削成扁平形狀的藤篾製成,或有時使用桂竹蔑。兩端通常用細麻繩綁在一起,形成一個像是上半部分為圓弧,下半部分則尖尖的形狀。在使用時,人們握住纏繩的部分作為把手,圓弧形的部分則用來刮除紋面時滲出的血液。
在這個傳統儀式中,父母會根據占卜結果來決定孩子的紋面時間,而紋面師則會在前一晚透過夢占來確認是否適宜進行紋面。這些紋面師的工具有一個重要的禁忌,那就是不能被他人觸碰,這反映了紋面儀式的神聖性和尊嚴。
紋面完成後,通常會以物品作為謝禮,這些謝禮包括麻製衣物、銅鍋、小米、手飾等等。這也顯示了這項傳統儀式在社會中的重要地位。值得注意的是,紋面師幾乎都是女性,而且這項技藝通常是世襲傳承的。
至於紋面所需的時間,男性通常需要2到3個小時,而女性則可能需要花費一整天的時間來完成;在傷口恢復期的這段時間,如果傷口惡化或者嚴重致死,都會被族人認為此人不被祖靈認同而被咒詛。這項漫長而細緻的過程,不僅僅是技術上的挑戰,也是文化傳承的重要部分。
織布聲
製作ubung的樹木通常選用木質細密、堅固耐用的品種,如樟樹和烏心石。這個工具的中空箱體在織布時會發出悅耳的聲音,這種聲音彷彿是一種自然的音樂,伴隨著織布者的勞動節奏,增添了織布過程的樂趣。
女生要會織布才能夠紋上臉上的文面,才正式成人,並被其他族人所尊敬。當織布者不使用ubung時,他們會將織布、經線捲筒及其他附屬零件一併捲入這個中空的箱子內,這不僅方便儲存,也有效地保護了這些重要的織布工具。Ubung不僅具有實用性,還蘊含著保存的功能,這反映了太魯閣族在織布傳統中獨特的智慧與文化內涵。
走上靈橋
在太魯閣族的傳統中有著生命最後會到美好的地方-彩虹(靈)橋;進入彩虹(靈)橋的條件男女各不同,女生過彩虹橋的時候會有守橋者,除了看臉上有沒有織文外,也會看雙手上有沒有鮮血的印記,因為雙手會因為勤奮辛勞的織布而受傷,才可進入彩虹橋,若無印記則掉入河裡被螃蟹咬死。
rapiq djima -刮血器
資料來源機關 台灣太魯閣族語言文化資產教育學會
主題分類
織布
撰寫者
Tapang Cisin、Cimiing Miki
建檔單位
台灣太魯閣族語言文化資產教育學會
參考資料
台灣太魯閣族語言文化資產教育學會
材質
木頭
尺寸
寬80-90cm, 高25-30cm
使用時機
日常使用
授權狀態
台灣太魯閣族語言文化資產教育學會
本作品已獲得許可CC BY-NC 4.0